刺蝟效應（Hedgehog Effect）是一個心理學概念，也被稱為心理距離效應。這個概念源於一個西方的寓言故事，故事中描述了在寒冷的冬天裡，兩隻刺蝟為了取暖而相互靠近，但由於彼此太近，它們的刺會互相刺傷。後來，它們調整了姿勢，保持了適當的距離，既能取暖，又能保護彼此。
刺蝟效應在教育心理學和管理實踐中有著廣泛的應用。教育心理學家根據這個寓言提出了教育心理學上著名的刺蝟效應，認為教育者與受教育者之間需要保持適當的心理距離，才能取得良好的教育效果。在管理實踐中，領導者應該與下屬保持親密的關係，但同時也需要保持一定的心理距離。這樣做可以避免下屬的防備和緊張，減少奉承和行賄等行為，同時也能保證在工作中不喪失原則。
刺蝟效應的啟示是在人際交往中要注意心理距離的適度。運用刺蝟效應的原則，領導者應該與下屬保持適當的關係，既要表現出親和力，又要給人敬畏感。同時，也可以巧妙地利用"空間侵犯"的概念，保持一定的距離，以維護和諧的人際關係。
The Hedgehog Effect
The Hedgehog Effect is a psychological concept, also known as the psychological distance effect. This concept originates from a Western fable, which describes how, in the cold of winter, two hedgehogs huddled close together to keep warm, but because they were too close, their quills would hurt each other. Later, they adjusted their positions and maintained an appropriate distance, allowing them to keep warm while also protecting each other.
The Hedgehog Effect has wide applications in educational psychology and management practice. Educational psychologists, based on this fable, have proposed the famous Hedgehog Effect in educational psychology, which holds that educators and learners need to maintain an appropriate psychological distance to achieve good educational results. In management practice, leaders should maintain close relationships with their subordinates, but at the same time, they also need to maintain a certain psychological distance. This can prevent subordinates from being defensive and tense, reduce behavior such as flattery and bribery, and also ensure that they do not lose their principles in their work.
The implication of the Hedgehog Effect is that in interpersonal interactions, one needs to pay attention to the appropriate psychological distance. Applying the principles of the Hedgehog Effect, leaders should maintain an appropriate relationship with their subordinates, showing both approachability and an awe-inspiring presence. Additionally, they can cleverly utilize the concept of "spatial invasion" to maintain a certain distance, in order to maintain harmonious interpersonal relationships.