布里丹之驢效應(Buridan's ass)
布里丹之驢效應(Buridan's ass)描述了一個陷入兩難困境的情況:
這個效應源于14世紀哲學家布裏丹(Jean Buridan)提出的一個思想實驗。假設有一頭驢,它位于兩堆等量的乾草之間,無法决定要吃哪一堆。由于兩堆乾草同等誘人,驢子無法做出選擇,最終餓死而死。
這個效應的核心在于:
-存在兩個或多個等価的選擇,但無法决定偏向哪一個。
-陷入無法做出决斷的僵局,無法采取行動。
-結果是無法做出决定而陷入失去。
這個效應反映了人在面臨完全對等的選擇時,無法做出取捨的困境。它突出了人在缺乏明顯偏好或優先順序時,往往無法進行决策。
這個效應也被比喻爲理性選擇理論的限制。即使從理性角度看,每個選擇都是等價的,但現實中人類往往無法做出選擇。這說明人類的决策行爲幷非完全遵循理性邏輯。
1. 陷入兩難困境會導致被動和失去。布里丹之驢最終因無法選擇而死,體現了僵局會帶來損失。這警示我們必須克服困境,做出決定。
2. 要建立足夠的決策準則和優先順序。如果事前沒有建立明確的評判標準,很容易陷入無法抉擇的困境。
Buridan's Ass Effect
The Buridan's ass effect describes a situation of being trapped in a dilemma:
This effect originates from a thought experiment proposed by the 14th-century philosopher Jean Buridan. It imagines a donkey positioned equidistant between two equally appealing piles of hay. Unable to decide which pile to eat, the donkey ultimately starves to death, unable to make a choice.
The core of this effect lies in:
The existence of two or more equivalent choices, but an inability to decide which to favor.
Being stuck in an impasse where a decision cannot be made.
-The result is a loss from the inability to make a decision.
-This effect reflects the human predicament of facing completely equivalent choices, unable to make a trade-off.
-It highlights how people often struggle to make decisions when they lack clear preferences or priorities.
The Buridan's ass effect is also used as a metaphor for the limitations of rational choice theory. Even if each option is equivalent from a rational standpoint, in reality humans often find themselves unable to make a choice. This demonstrates that human decision-making does not always follow pure rational logic.
Implications of the Buridan's Ass Effect:
1 Being trapped in a dilemma can lead to passivity and loss. The Buridan's ass ultimately died from its inability to choose, illustrating how an impasse can result in losses. This cautions us to overcome such predicaments and make decisions.
2 It is necessary to establish sufficient decision-making criteria and priorities. If clear evaluative standards are not set beforehand, it becomes easy to fall into the trap of being unable to decide.