旁觀者效應是指當有許多人在場時,會降低人們介入緊急情況的可能。這種情況可能是由於個人責任感的分散、社會確認和模糊危險等因素所導致。
這個現象在1964年的紐約殺人事件中得到了廣泛關注。當時,一名女孩在街上被劫持和殺害,有許多旁觀者目睹了這一切,但卻沒有人動手協助或拋出求救信號。
這個現象在管理中也有所體現。例如,在某個團隊中,如果有許多人都覺得事情不屬於自己的責任範圍,就可能降低對問題的關注和解決努力。
因此,管理人員應該注意鼓勵和促進團隊成員的參與和貢獻,確保每個人都有自己的責任和使命。
The Bystander Effect
The Bystander Effect refers to the phenomenon where the presence of many people can decrease the likelihood of people intervening in an emergency situation. This may be due to factors such as the diffusion of personal responsibility, social proof, and ambiguity of danger.
This phenomenon gained widespread attention in the 1964 murder case in New York. At the time, a young woman was abducted and killed on the street, with many bystanders witnessing the event, but no one intervening to assist or raise an alarm.
This effect is also reflected in management. For example, in a team, if many people feel that a problem is not within their area of responsibility, it may decrease their attention and effort in resolving the issue.
Therefore, managers should be mindful of encouraging and facilitating team members' participation and contribution, ensuring that each person has their own responsibility and mission.