機會成本 (Opportunity Cost)
⑴放棄選項中價值最高者，泛指作出選擇後，其中一個最大的損失。
⑵假設一位投資者考慮投資不同的資產：股票A預計可獲得10%的回報，股票B預計可獲得5%的回報，債券C預計可獲得2%的回報。最終，投資者選擇了股票A，並實際獲得了10%的回報。這意味著他的機會成本是5%，因為他放棄了選擇股票B的潛在回報。
⑶在合理分配資源時，預計的收益必須超過機會成本，才能視為最佳方案。這可以應用於各種情境，例如選擇投資項目、分配時間和精力等。只有當預期收益超過放棄的機會成本時，我們才能確保做出最優的選擇。
⑴Abandoning the option with the highest value refers to the largest loss incurred after making a choice.
⑵Suppose an investor considers investing in different assets: Stock A is expected to yield a 10% return, Stock B a 5% return, and Bond C a 2% return. In the end, the investor chooses Stock A and actually achieves a 10% return. This means that their opportunity cost is 5% because they gave up the potential return from choosing Stock B.
⑶When allocating resources reasonably, the expected returns must exceed the opportunity cost to be considered the best option. This principle can be applied to various situations, such as selecting investment projects, allocating time and energy, and more. Only when the expected returns surpass the forgone opportunity cost can we ensure making the optimal choice.