埃德溫·洛克是美國馬里蘭大學的心理學教授,他於1968年提出了著名的目標設置理論,俗稱"洛克定律"。
"洛克定律"指出,當目標既具有挑戰性又切合實際時,才是最有效的。洛克以籃球運動為例,籃球架的高度恰當,既不會太高讓人無法投籃,也不會太低輕而易举地得分,從而保持了適度的難度和吸引力。
洛克定律"也被稱為"籃球架原理", 就像籃球架的高度一樣,既要有一定的挑戰性,又要在一般人的可及範圍內,才能最大限度地激發人們的積極性和動力。
"洛克定律"與"跳蚤效應"是相輔相成的理論。"跳蚤效應"指出,設置過低的目標會降低人的主動性,而"洛克定律"則強調目標設置不應過高,過於不切實際的目標也將失去激勵作用。兩者共同強調目標設置的重要性及其對人的行為和動機的影響。
Locke’s Law
Edwin Locke, a psychology professor at the University of Maryland, proposed the famous goal-setting theory, commonly known as the "Locke's Law," in 1968.
The "Locke's Law" states that the most effective goals are those that are both challenging and realistic. Locke used basketball as an example, where the height of the basketball hoop is appropriately set - not too high to make it impossible to score, nor too low to make it too easy, thereby maintaining a moderate level of difficulty and appeal.
The "Locke's Law" is also referred to as the "basketball hoop principle," just like the height of the basketball hoop, the goal should have a certain level of challenge, yet be within the reach of the average person, in order to maximize the motivation and drive of individuals.
The "Locke's Law" is complementary to the "flea effect." The "flea effect" suggests that setting goals too low can reduce people's proactivity, while the "Locke's Law" emphasizes that goal-setting should not be too high, as unrealistic goals will also lose their motivating power. Together, they emphasize the importance of goal-setting and its impact on people's behavior and motivation.