目標置換效應是指在達成目標的過程中，對于如何完成目標的關切逐漸讓方法、技巧、程序等問題占據一個人的心思，反而忘了整個目標的追求。
換言之，工作如何完成，逐漸代替了完成工作的效果。這種效應可能會導致人們專注于達成目標的方法和細節，而忽略了目標本身的重要性。
根據美國管理學家約翰·卡那的一項調查顯示，在所有影響目標達成的因素中，目標置換因素占了67%以上。這意味著目標置換效應在影響目標達成方面起著重要作用。
例子:
1. 在教育領域，目標置換效應可能表現爲教師過度關注于教學方法和教學技巧，而忽視了學生的實際學習成果和能力的提升。
2. 在銷售領域，目標置換效應可能表現爲銷售人員過度關注于達成銷售目標和完成銷售任務，而忽視了客戶的實際需求和滿意度。
3. 在製造業中，目標置換效應可能表現爲企業過度關注于生産效率和成本控制，而忽視了産品質量和客戶滿意度。
The Goal Displacement Effect
The Goal Displacement Effect refers to the phenomenon where, in the process of achieving a goal, one's focus gradually shifts from the pursuit of the overall goal to the methods, techniques, and procedures of how to complete the goal. In other words, the concern over how the work is done gradually replaces the focus on the effects of completing the work.
This effect can lead people to become overly focused on the methods and details of achieving the goal, while neglecting the importance of the goal itself.
According to a study by American management scholar John Kotter, the goal displacement factor accounts for over 67% of all factors influencing the achievement of goals. This means that the Goal Displacement Effect plays a critical role in affecting the attainment of goals.
Examples:
In the field of education, the Goal Displacement Effect may manifest as teachers overly focusing on teaching methods and techniques, while neglecting the actual learning outcomes and skill development of students.
In the sales field, the Goal Displacement Effect may manifest as sales personnel becoming overly focused on reaching sales targets and completing sales tasks, while neglecting the actual needs and satisfaction of customers.
In the manufacturing industry, the Goal Displacement Effect may manifest as companies becoming overly focused on production efficiency and cost control, while neglecting product quality and customer satisfaction.