苟希納定律 (krishna effect)
在管理中,「苟希納定律」(Krishna Effect)指出,如果實際管理人員數量超出最佳人數,工作時間和成本會成倍增加。這個定律揭示了一個管理上的重要原則:人力資源的投入並非越多越好。
舉例來說,假設某個團隊的最佳管理人數是5人,但實際上有10人在管理。根據苟希納定律,這個團隊的工作時間會增加一倍,工作成本則增加四倍。相反地,如果管理人員是15人,工作時間會增加三倍,工作成本則增加六倍。
這說明在管理中,人員組成的效率和工作負荷呈現反比關係。過多的管理人員反而會造成效率低下,形成惡性循環。
與此同時,團隊建設也是提高效率的重要因素。良好的團隊凝聚力和協作,能夠發揮"1+1>2"的綜效,提高整體工作效率。比如,某個營銷團隊雖然人數相對較少,但成員之間默契十足,分工合作默契十足,因此工作成果遠勝過人數更多但缺乏團隊協作的團隊。
總之,在管理實踐中,既要合理控制管理人員數量,避免出現人多事惡化的情況,同時也要重視團隊建設,培養員工的協作精神,發揮團隊的協同效應,提高整體工作效率。
The Krishna Effect in Management
In management, the "Krishna Effect" (also known as the Parkinson's Law of Triviality) states that if the actual number of management personnel exceeds the optimal number, the workload and costs will increase exponentially. This law reveals an important principle in management: the input of human resources is not necessarily better the more there is.
For example, let's say the optimal number of management personnel for a team is 5 people, but in reality, there are 10 people managing. According to the Krishna Effect, the team's workload will double, and the costs will increase fourfold. Conversely, if there are 15 management personnel, the workload will triple, and the costs will increase sixfold.
This shows that in management, the efficiency of the personnel composition and the workload are inversely related. Too many management personnel can actually lead to a decrease in efficiency, forming a vicious cycle.
At the same time, team building is also an important factor in improving efficiency. Good team cohesion and collaboration can create a "1+1>2" synergy, improving overall work efficiency. For example, a marketing team may have relatively fewer members, but the members have excellent teamwork and coordination, so their achievements may far surpass those of a team with more members but lacking in team collaboration.
In summary, in management practice, it is necessary to reasonably control the number of management personnel to avoid the situation of "more people, worse things," and at the same time, it is also important to emphasize team building, cultivate employees' collaborative spirit, and leverage the synergistic effects of the team to improve overall work efficiency.