隧道視野效應（Tunnel Vision）是一種心理現象，也被稱為「確認偏誤」（confirmation bias）。這種效應使人們在思考和決策過程中，過度關注符合自己假設或觀點的證據，而忽略其他相關資訊。
隧道視野效應的名稱來自於比喻，就像身處於一個狹窄的隧道中，只能看到前方和後方非常有限的視野。這種效應使人們無法全面地看待問題，只看到自己已有的觀點或假設，而忽略其他可能的解釋或觀點。
隧道視野效應可能對人們的思考和決策產生負面影響。當人們只關注符合自己觀點的證據時，可能會忽略其他可能的解釋或觀點，導致思考的局限性和偏見。這種效應也可能影響到人們對資訊的接收和記憶，以及對資訊價值的評估。
相關案例:
隧道視野效應是指當人們處於壓力或困難的情況下，他們的視野變得狹窄，只能看到眼前的事物，無法看到更廣闊的視野和解決問題的可能性。以下是一個隧道視野效應的例子：
某攝製組想要拍攝一部關於中國農民生活的紀錄片。他們來到中國某地的農村，找到一位柿農，希望買1000個柿子，並觀察柿子的採摘和貯存過程。他們和柿農談好價錢，每個柿子20美元。
柿農很高興地同意了，並找來一個幫手。一人爬上柿子樹，用長桿將柿子擰下來，然後另一人在地上撿起柿子放入竹筐中。柿子不斷掉下來，地上的人忙著撿起來，同時和樹上的人聊天。攝製組的成員覺得這個過程很有趣，拍下了整個採摘和貯存柿子的過程。
當攝製組付錢準備離開時，柿農卻問他們為什麼不把買的柿子帶走。攝製組解釋說他們只是為了拍攝紀錄片，不需要柿子。柿農感到驚訝，他覺得這些柿子是一筆不錯的收入，沒想到攝製組不需要它們。然而，攝製組將這些拍攝的素材帶回美國後，可以以更高的價格出售，因為這些素材展示了柿農特殊的採摘和貯存方式。
這個例子中，柿農只看到眼前的小利益，即賣掉柿子獲得的20美元。然而，攝製組看到了更大的利益，他們可以通過拍攝的素材在美國賺取更多的錢。
Tunnel vision is a psychological phenomenon, also known as "confirmation bias." This effect causes people to focus excessively on evidence that supports their own assumptions or perspectives, while overlooking other relevant information during the thinking and decision-making process.
The term "tunnel vision" is a metaphor, likening the experience to being in a narrow tunnel with a very limited field of vision, both forward and backward. This effect prevents people from taking a comprehensive view of the problem, as they only see their own existing perspectives or assumptions, ignoring other possible explanations or viewpoints.
Tunnel vision can have negative impacts on people's thinking and decision-making. When individuals focus only on evidence that aligns with their own viewpoints, they may overlook other possible explanations or perspectives, leading to the limitations and biases in their thinking. This effect can also influence how people receive and remember information, as well as their evaluation of the value of information.
Related case:
Tunnel vision refers to the phenomenon where people, when faced with pressure or difficulty, have a narrowed field of vision, only able to see the immediate situation, and unable to see the broader perspective and possible solutions. The following is an example of the tunnel vision effect:
A film crew wanted to shoot a documentary about the lives of Chinese farmers. They went to a rural village and found a persimmon farmer, hoping to buy 1,000 persimmons and observe the harvesting and storage process. They negotiated a price of $20 per persimmon with the farmer, who happily agreed and brought in an assistant.
One person climbed the persimmon tree and used a long pole to pick the persimmons, while the other person on the ground collected them and put them in bamboo baskets. As the persimmons fell, the ground crew was busy picking them up and chatting with the person in the tree. The film crew members found the process interesting and filmed the entire harvesting and storage procedure.
When it was time to pay, the farmer was surprised that the crew did not want to take the persimmons away. The crew explained that they only needed to film the process for their documentary, not the actual persimmons. However, the farmer felt that these persimmons were a good income, and was surprised the crew did not need them. After bringing the footage back to the US, the film crew could sell it at a higher price, as it showcased the unique harvesting and storage methods of the farmer.
In this example, the farmer only saw the immediate financial benefit of selling the persimmons for $20 each. However, the film crew saw the larger opportunity to make more money in the US by selling the footage of the special harvesting and storage process.